General Principle of Management
Fourteen Principles of Management were developed by Henri Fayol ( 1841-1925) and have been considered as one of the classical organization theory that is universally applicable to every type of organization.
Classical organization theory was the traditional theory and remains to be the foundation upon which other schools of organization theory have built. Therefore many subsequent analyses presume an understanding of it.
Influenced by the industrial revolution in the 1700s and related to the professions of mechanical and industrial engineering, the principles were developed under fundamental assumptions as follows:
Organization and individuals behave in conformity with rational economic principles.
One best way to organize production is through systematic and scientific investigations.
Organization is established to fulfill production-related and economic goals.
We must also keep in mind that the beliefs of early management theorists, including Henri Fayol, about how organizations worked or should worked were a direct reflection of social values of that period. The evolution of this theory was in the era which workers were viewed as parts of machine, not as individuals. Besides, the equipment was expensive and hardly affordable. As a consequence, the use of workers with their own tools to replace power-driven machines was prevailing.
Henri Fayol, a French executive engineer and a Managing Director of a large French local mining firm, developed the first comprehensive theory of management, Administration Industrielle et Generale (published in France in 1916), was almost ignored in the United States until English translation, General and industrial Management, appeared in 1949. Since then, his contributions have been widely recognized as a foundation and significant piece of work.
Main ThemeFayol proposed that management was a common activity to all human beings who
Classical organization theory was the traditional theory and remains to be the foundation upon which other schools of organization theory have built. Therefore many subsequent analyses presume an understanding of it.
Influenced by the industrial revolution in the 1700s and related to the professions of mechanical and industrial engineering, the principles were developed under fundamental assumptions as follows:
Organization and individuals behave in conformity with rational economic principles.
One best way to organize production is through systematic and scientific investigations.
Organization is established to fulfill production-related and economic goals.
We must also keep in mind that the beliefs of early management theorists, including Henri Fayol, about how organizations worked or should worked were a direct reflection of social values of that period. The evolution of this theory was in the era which workers were viewed as parts of machine, not as individuals. Besides, the equipment was expensive and hardly affordable. As a consequence, the use of workers with their own tools to replace power-driven machines was prevailing.
Henri Fayol, a French executive engineer and a Managing Director of a large French local mining firm, developed the first comprehensive theory of management, Administration Industrielle et Generale (published in France in 1916), was almost ignored in the United States until English translation, General and industrial Management, appeared in 1949. Since then, his contributions have been widely recognized as a foundation and significant piece of work.
Main ThemeFayol proposed that management was a common activity to all human beings who
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